Embedding lightweight optical fibers into carbon fiber laminates for lightning-immune structural monitoring.
Conventional strain gauges require copper wiring that acts as antennas for electromagnetic interference and high-altitude lightning strikes. Optical fiber sensors convey wavelength-encoded data via laser pulses, providing complete dielectric isolation and zero fire hazard in fuel-rich wing tanks.
Using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), a single hair-thin optical fiber carries up to 64 discrete Bragg gratings tuned to distinct infrared wavelengths, mapping 3D strain gradients across a 15-meter wing with negligible weight penalty.